Oups, contenu restreint
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Source : Union Européenne : 30/10/24
Rappel
La DOC, avant sa réorganisation, était relativement récente et elle ne fut créée qu’en 2011 en incorporant la DOC Pietraviva. Elle s’étend sur 58 ha / 143 acres (2021) de vignes et couvre une partie de la vallée de l’Arno dans la province d’Arezzo dans l’est de la Toscane. Elle comprenait 2 sous-régions, Pietraviva et Pratomagno. La DOC produit 1 110 hl / 12 300 caisses (moyenne sur 5 ans) blancs, effervescents et de dessert avec les cépages chardonnay, malvasia, sauvignon blanc et des rosés et des rouges avec les cépages cabernet franc, cabernet sauvignon, canaiolo, ciliegiolo, malvasia nera, pugnitello, sangiovese et syrah. Comme toutes les nouvelles DOCs italiennes c’est une appellation variétale destinée principalement aux consommateurs étrangers.
Suppression des sous-zones de l’appellation
Les sous-zones ont été supprimées au titre qu’elles freinaient le développement de l’appellation !
Ajout de nouveaux types de vin
Avec les cépages : orpicchio, trebbiano, malvasia nera, canaiolo nero, ciliegiolo, foglia tonda et pugnitello
Le Rosato mousseux de qualité a été ajouté, tandis que le Bianco mousseux de qualité, inutilisé, a été supprimé.
Des vins des vins de «riserva» ont été ajoutés pour les types monocépages avec les cépages sangiovese, cabernet franc et pugnitello.
la Vendemmia Tardiva des raisins noirs et blancs ainsi que celle du Vin Santo et du Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice ont également été relancées
Modification des bases ampélographiques
Le trebbiano a été inclus dans la base ampélographique du Bianco pour son caractère historique, tandis que le Sauvignon a été ajouté pour ses caractéristiques complémentaires.
Le Trebbiano a été inclus dans la base ampélographique du Bianco pour son caractère historique, tandis que le Sauvignon a été ajouté pour ses caractéristiques complémentaires.
La base ampélographique du Rosso a été modifiée à la suite de la suppression des anciennes sous-zones qui prévoyaient deux bases ampélographiques distinctes.
Les bases ampélographiques des types qui n’étaient pas encore présents ont été ajoutées.
Élargissement de la zone de production
la zone de production a été etendue au territoire identifié par le ban de Cosme III de Médicis de 1716 sur la base de l’historicité de la dénomination et de l’homogénéité des conditions pédoclimatiques.
Modification et ajout des rendements
La production maximale de raisins par hectare a été uniformisée à 11 t/ha, sauf pour les types Vendemmia Tardiva et Vin Santo, pour lesquels la limite de 7,5 t/ha .
NDR : dans l’ensemble cela represente une augmentation non non négligeable des rendements
Modification des titres alcoométriques volumiques naturels
le titre alcoométrique naturel minimal a été corrigé ou indiqué sur la base des tendances climatiques observées.
Normes vitivinicoles et mise à la consommation
Afin de renforcer les possibilités de contrôle et d’assurer une meilleure conformité territoriale, il a été décidé d’interdire l’élaboration et la mise en bouteille des vins mousseux de qualité en dehors du territoire de l’appellation. De plus, afin de préserver la territorialité de la production, tout en tenant compte de l’évolution climatique, il a été prévu d’exclure l’enrichissement des moûts et des vins.
À la suite de la réorganisation et de l’ajout de type de vins , l’indication des types pouvant porter la mention «riserva» a également été adaptée, et les délais de mise sur le marché précisés.
Pour le vin mousseux de qualité, le délai de tirage a été indiqué afin d’assurer une qualité élevée, conformément à l’ensemble du cahier des charges.
Ajout et modification des caractéristiques chimiques et organoleptiques des vins
Les caractéristiques à la consommation des différents types ont été ajustées et complétées, tant pour refléter les ajouts effectués que pour offrir une description plus fidèle de la réalité.
Disposition concernant les types Rosé, la mention «vigna» et le nom de l’unité géographique plus grande pouvant figurer sur l’étiquette
le mot «rosé» peut également être utilisé pour les vins mousseux de qualité et les vins rosés; les vins portant la mention «vigna» doivent avoir les mêmes valeurs analytiques que ceux portant la mention «riserva»; le nom de l’entité géographique «Toscana» peut être utilisé sur l’étiquette, accompagné des indications pratiques.
Dispositions relatives à la mise en bouteille
Le choix de la capacité des récipients est libre, à condition qu’ils soient autorisés, mais l’utilisation du bouchon couronné est exclue.
Cela permet aux producteurs d’adapter leurs pratiques à l’évolution technologique et aux tendances de consommation, tout en préservant l’image de qualité élevée des vins de l’appellation.
Pour consulter le descriptif complet de l’appellation, cliquez sur le lien suivant: VAL D’ARNO DI SOPRA (VALDARNO DI SOPRA) DOC
Le cépage tinto fragoso est autochtone de Cogolludo. Ce cépage traditionnel n’existe nulle part ailleurs dans le monde, et le «Río Negro» est actuellement le seul vin produit à partir de ce raisin disponible à l’achat.
La culture du tinto fragoso a été effectuée au domaine Finca Rio Negro après que l’on ait trouvé deux plants de cette variété rare à Cogolludo, le village où se trouve la cave. Aujourd’hui, le tinto fragoso a été regreffé sur un vignoble anciennement planté de gewürztraminer et ils récolteront leur troisième récolte cette année. Un petit essai a été réalisé en 2019, mais cette année, ils espèrent pouvoir produire une plus grande quantité et même vieillir le vin en barrique.
Selon le gérant Fernando Fuentes, Tinto Fragoso est parfait pour équilibrer le pH. « C’est un raisin à maturation tardive, à forte acidité, aux arômes terpéniques, inhabituels dans les rouges ; c’est vraiment différent de toutes les variétés que nous cultivons », explique-t-il. La couleur profonde, les grappes lâches et les peaux dures sont d’autres caractéristiques distinctives.
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The Teliani Valley Georgia Vintage Report 2024
The 2024 vintage in Georgia offered a much-needed respite from the challenging conditions of previous years, with favorable weather patterns during most of the growing season contributing to an exceptional year for wine production. Here is a detailed narrative of the 2024 vine growing season, including specifics from the Kakheti and Imereti regions, and quantitative data.
Winter (November 2023 – February 2024)
The 2024 growing season in Georgia began with a relatively mild winter. Throughout the country, temperatures rarely fell below zero, with Kakheti experiencing average temperatures between -5°C and 25°C, while Imereti recorded slightly warmer conditions, with lows between -3°C and 17°C. Rainfall during this period was typical for Kakheti, at around 80-90 mm, but Imereti saw an unusually high level of precipitation, accumulating around 580 mm. These conditions helped avoid frost damage, and vineyards were largely unaffected by extreme cold, providing an excellent foundation for the upcoming growing season.
Spring (March – June 2024)
The early spring in Georgia set a promising stage for the vine-growing season. Budbreak occurred earlier than usual in both Kakheti and Imereti due to the mild winter. In Kakheti, budbreak began between late February and early March, whereas in Imereti, the west’s shorter, warmer winter advanced the date significantly to early February, a full month ahead of the average.
The weather during the spring months varied between regions. Kakheti saw temperatures ranging from 10°C to 24°C, with high humidity and rainfall of approximately 400 mm. Imereti experienced similarly mild conditions, although its subtropical climate generally maintained an annual average temperature between 10°C and 15°C.
Flowering and Fruit Set (May – June 2024)
The flowering and fruit set phase began under favorable conditions, with relatively stable temperatures and minimal disruptions from diseases or pests. However, heavy precipitation during flowering, particularly in Kakheti, caused some delays in the fruit set. A hailstorm in Kakheti during this period briefly disrupted the otherwise smooth progression. Despite these challenges, the flowering and fruit set process was largely successful, and the vineyards showed resilience.
In Imereti, lower humidity and consistently warmer temperatures advanced the grape maturity phase to July and August, instead of the typical September timeline. This accelerated growth helped the region stay on track for a successful harvest.
Growing Season (June – August 2024)
The summer of 2024 brought several unexpected weather patterns. Historically dry and warm Kakheti experienced a cooler, wetter summer than normal, with frequent drizzle and hailstorms reported. Despite these challenges, the vines proved resilient, and the viticultural practices of the region helped maintain good grape health. Temperatures in Kakheti fluctuated between 10°C and 45°C, with roughly 450 mm of rain recorded during the summer.
Imereti, too, dealt with fluctuating weather patterns. The cooler temperatures and lower sunlight hours, coupled with sporadic rainfall, delayed veraison slightly but did not significantly impact grape health.
Veraison and Harvest (August – October 2024)
Veraison in Georgia typically starts in mid-August, but in 2024 it was slightly delayed, beginning later in the month and continuing into early September. This was true for both Kakheti and Imereti, where grape maturity began one to two weeks later than usual due to the cooler summer.
The harvest season, however, was smooth. In Kakheti, early harvesting of Muscat grapes for sparkling wine began on August 21, with the final harvest concluding by October 11. Disease pressure was low, and overall grape health was excellent, though some areas affected by hailstorms saw slightly lower yields. Despite these localized losses, the general harvest was higher than expected, and grape composition—particularly in premium zones—was outstanding.
In Imereti, veraison also occurred later than average, and the harvest was similarly affected by early season conditions.
Grape Composition and Quality
Across the country, grape composition in 2024 was superb. For major varieties like Saperavi and Kisi, sugar levels, acidity, and phenolic content were all higher than usual, contributing to an exceptional vintage. The careful timing of harvest dates, particularly for premium wines, ensured great phenolic maturity. Zones like Tsinandali and Ikalto in Kakheti performed particularly well, with varieties such as Saperavi, Kisi, and Khikhvi showing outstanding results.
Conclusion
The 2024 growing season in Georgia was a welcome change from the difficulties of 2023. While there were some challenges, such as high humidity, hailstorms, and cooler-than-expected summer conditions, the overall outlook was highly positive. Yields were higher than expected, and the quality of the grapes, particularly in premium areas, was some of the best in recent years. This vintage will likely be remembered as one of the standout years for Georgian viticulture, especially considering the striking contrast with the losses of the previous year.
Further information and interviews: madeleine@swirlwinegroup.com | 07778 702221
NOV7News. https://e66fkes8nnn.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Georgia-Vintage-Report-2024-Teliani-Valley.pdf
The 2024 Vintage Report by Teliani Valley offers a deep dive into what has shaped up to be an exceptional year for Georgian wine. Covering the growing season across Georgia’s main wine regions—particularly Kakheti and Imereti—the report reveals how the favorable weather and resilient vineyards have set the stage for an outstanding vintage. While produced by Teliani Valley, this report provides a comprehensive overview relevant to Georgian wine as a whole.
The 2024 vintage marks a welcome return to favorable conditions after recent challenging years. A mild winter prevented frost damage, and early spring warmth spurred a strong start for budding in both Kakheti and Imereti. Despite unexpected summer coolness and bouts of rain, the vines adapted well, and harvest quality remained excellent. Key regions produced grapes of remarkable quality, with enhanced sugar levels, acidity, and phenolic content in hallmark Georgian varieties like Saperavi, Kisi, and Khikhvi.
With yields exceeding expectations and grape health at its peak, 2024 stands as a landmark year for Georgian viticulture. For winemakers, trade professionals, and wine lovers, this report offers valuable insights into Georgia’s unique terroir and growing season.
report
The Teliani Valley Georgia Vintage Report 2024
The 2024 vintage in Georgia offered a much-needed respite from the challenging conditions of previous years, with favorable weather patterns during most of the growing season contributing to an exceptional year for wine production. Here is a detailed narrative of the 2024 vine growing season, including specifics from the Kakheti and Imereti regions, and quantitative data.
Winter (November 2023 – February 2024)
The 2024 growing season in Georgia began with a relatively mild winter. Throughout the country, temperatures rarely fell below zero, with Kakheti experiencing average temperatures between -5°C and 25°C, while Imereti recorded slightly warmer conditions, with lows between -3°C and 17°C. Rainfall during this period was typical for Kakheti, at around 80-90 mm, but Imereti saw an unusually high level of precipitation, accumulating around 580 mm. These conditions helped avoid frost damage, and vineyards were largely unaffected by extreme cold, providing an excellent foundation for the upcoming growing season.
Spring (March – June 2024)
The early spring in Georgia set a promising stage for the vine-growing season. Budbreak occurred earlier than usual in both Kakheti and Imereti due to the mild winter. In Kakheti, budbreak began between late February and early March, whereas in Imereti, the west’s shorter, warmer winter advanced the date significantly to early February, a full month ahead of the average.
The weather during the spring months varied between regions. Kakheti saw temperatures ranging from 10°C to 24°C, with high humidity and rainfall of approximately 400 mm. Imereti experienced similarly mild conditions, although its subtropical climate generally maintained an annual average temperature between 10°C and 15°C.
Flowering and Fruit Set (May – June 2024)
The flowering and fruit set phase began under favorable conditions, with relatively stable temperatures and minimal disruptions from diseases or pests. However, heavy precipitation during flowering, particularly in Kakheti, caused some delays in the fruit set. A hailstorm in Kakheti during this period briefly disrupted the otherwise smooth progression. Despite these challenges, the flowering and fruit set process was largely successful, and the vineyards showed resilience.
In Imereti, lower humidity and consistently warmer temperatures advanced the grape maturity phase to July and August, instead of the typical September timeline. This accelerated growth helped the region stay on track for a successful harvest.
Growing Season (June – August 2024)
The summer of 2024 brought several unexpected weather patterns. Historically dry and warm Kakheti experienced a cooler, wetter summer than normal, with frequent drizzle and hailstorms reported. Despite these challenges, the vines proved resilient, and the viticultural practices of the region helped maintain good grape health. Temperatures in Kakheti fluctuated between 10°C and 45°C, with roughly 450 mm of rain recorded during the summer.
Imereti, too, dealt with fluctuating weather patterns. The cooler temperatures and lower sunlight hours, coupled with sporadic rainfall, delayed veraison slightly but did not significantly impact grape health.
Veraison and Harvest (August – October 2024)
Veraison in Georgia typically starts in mid-August, but in 2024 it was slightly delayed, beginning later in the month and continuing into early September. This was true for both Kakheti and Imereti, where grape maturity began one to two weeks later than usual due to the cooler summer.
The harvest season, however, was smooth. In Kakheti, early harvesting of Muscat grapes for sparkling wine began on August 21, with the final harvest concluding by October 11. Disease pressure was low, and overall grape health was excellent, though some areas affected by hailstorms saw slightly lower yields. Despite these localized losses, the general harvest was higher than expected, and grape composition—particularly in premium zones—was outstanding.
In Imereti, veraison also occurred later than average, and the harvest was similarly affected by early season conditions.
Grape Composition and Quality
Across the country, grape composition in 2024 was superb. For major varieties like Saperavi and Kisi, sugar levels, acidity, and phenolic content were all higher than usual, contributing to an exceptional vintage. The careful timing of harvest dates, particularly for premium wines, ensured great phenolic maturity. Zones like Tsinandali and Ikalto in Kakheti performed particularly well, with varieties such as Saperavi, Kisi, and Khikhvi showing outstanding results.
Conclusion
The 2024 growing season in Georgia was a welcome change from the difficulties of 2023. While there were some challenges, such as high humidity, hailstorms, and cooler-than-expected summer conditions, the overall outlook was highly positive. Yields were higher than expected, and the quality of the grapes, particularly in premium areas, was some of the best in recent years. This vintage will likely be remembered as one of the standout years for Georgian viticulture, especially considering the striking contrast with the losses of the previous year.
Further information and interviews: madeleine@swirlwinegroup.com | 07778 702221
report
The Teliani Valley Georgia Vintage Report 2024
The 2024 vintage in Georgia offered a much-needed respite from the challenging conditions of previous years, with favorable weather patterns during most of the growing season contributing to an exceptional year for wine production. Here is a detailed narrative of the 2024 vine growing season, including specifics from the Kakheti and Imereti regions, and quantitative data.
Winter (November 2023 – February 2024)
The 2024 growing season in Georgia began with a relatively mild winter. Throughout the country, temperatures rarely fell below zero, with Kakheti experiencing average temperatures between -5°C and 25°C, while Imereti recorded slightly warmer conditions, with lows between -3°C and 17°C. Rainfall during this period was typical for Kakheti, at around 80-90 mm, but Imereti saw an unusually high level of precipitation, accumulating around 580 mm. These conditions helped avoid frost damage, and vineyards were largely unaffected by extreme cold, providing an excellent foundation for the upcoming growing season.
Spring (March – June 2024)
The early spring in Georgia set a promising stage for the vine-growing season. Budbreak occurred earlier than usual in both Kakheti and Imereti due to the mild winter. In Kakheti, budbreak began between late February and early March, whereas in Imereti, the west’s shorter, warmer winter advanced the date significantly to early February, a full month ahead of the average.
The weather during the spring months varied between regions. Kakheti saw temperatures ranging from 10°C to 24°C, with high humidity and rainfall of approximately 400 mm. Imereti experienced similarly mild conditions, although its subtropical climate generally maintained an annual average temperature between 10°C and 15°C.
Flowering and Fruit Set (May – June 2024)
The flowering and fruit set phase began under favorable conditions, with relatively stable temperatures and minimal disruptions from diseases or pests. However, heavy precipitation during flowering, particularly in Kakheti, caused some delays in the fruit set. A hailstorm in Kakheti during this period briefly disrupted the otherwise smooth progression. Despite these challenges, the flowering and fruit set process was largely successful, and the vineyards showed resilience.
In Imereti, lower humidity and consistently warmer temperatures advanced the grape maturity phase to July and August, instead of the typical September timeline. This accelerated growth helped the region stay on track for a successful harvest.
Growing Season (June – August 2024)
The summer of 2024 brought several unexpected weather patterns. Historically dry and warm Kakheti experienced a cooler, wetter summer than normal, with frequent drizzle and hailstorms reported. Despite these challenges, the vines proved resilient, and the viticultural practices of the region helped maintain good grape health. Temperatures in Kakheti fluctuated between 10°C and 45°C, with roughly 450 mm of rain recorded during the summer.
Imereti, too, dealt with fluctuating weather patterns. The cooler temperatures and lower sunlight hours, coupled with sporadic rainfall, delayed veraison slightly but did not significantly impact grape health.
Veraison and Harvest (August – October 2024)
Veraison in Georgia typically starts in mid-August, but in 2024 it was slightly delayed, beginning later in the month and continuing into early September. This was true for both Kakheti and Imereti, where grape maturity began one to two weeks later than usual due to the cooler summer.
The harvest season, however, was smooth. In Kakheti, early harvesting of Muscat grapes for sparkling wine began on August 21, with the final harvest concluding by October 11. Disease pressure was low, and overall grape health was excellent, though some areas affected by hailstorms saw slightly lower yields. Despite these localized losses, the general harvest was higher than expected, and grape composition—particularly in premium zones—was outstanding.
In Imereti, veraison also occurred later than average, and the harvest was similarly affected by early season conditions.
Grape Composition and Quality
Across the country, grape composition in 2024 was superb. For major varieties like Saperavi and Kisi, sugar levels, acidity, and phenolic content were all higher than usual, contributing to an exceptional vintage. The careful timing of harvest dates, particularly for premium wines, ensured great phenolic maturity. Zones like Tsinandali and Ikalto in Kakheti performed particularly well, with varieties such as Saperavi, Kisi, and Khikhvi showing outstanding results.
Conclusion
The 2024 growing season in Georgia was a welcome change from the difficulties of 2023. While there were some challenges, such as high humidity, hailstorms, and cooler-than-expected summer conditions, the overall outlook was highly positive. Yields were higher than expected, and the quality of the grapes, particularly in premium areas, was some of the best in recent years. This vintage will likely be remembered as one of the standout years for Georgian viticulture, especially considering the striking contrast with the losses of the previous year.
L’APPELLATION
La nouvelle zone viticole américaine (AVA) se situe dans la partie centrale de l’État de Washington, appelée « Wanapum Village ». L’AVA, est entièrement située dans les limites des 17 600 mo² (45 585 km2) de l’AVA de Columbia Valley dans le comté de Grant, dans l’État de Washington.
L’AVA du village de Wanapum (renommé par la suite “Beverly, Washington AVA”) s’étend sur 977 hectares /2 415 acres (3,77 milles carrés / 976 km2) sur des pentes généralement orientées sud-sud-ouest au-dessus du confluent du ruisseau Crab et du fleuve Columbia.
Lorsque l’AVA de Beverley, Washington,entrera en vigueur, le 29 novembre 2024 , le nombre total d’AVA aux États-Unis sera de 276. Parmi celles-ci, 21 seront situées dans l’État de Washington.
GÉOLOGIE
La géologie de l’AVA dérive de caractéristiques distinctives qui se trouve à l’intersection des principales voies d’inondations catastrophiques de la période glaciaire qui ont balayé la région à plusieurs reprises, et à proximité immédiate de Sentinel Gap, une rupture topographique majeure dans la région de Saddle Mountain.
Le substrat rocheux de l’AVA est constitué de basalte dense de couleur foncée du fleuve Columbia. La roche est issue de vastes coulées de lave qui ont éclaté il y a environ 15 millions d’années à partir d’immenses fissures volcaniques des systèmes dans le sud-est de l’État de Washington et le nord-est de l’Oregon. Le socle basaltique affleure ou se trouve à des profondeurs relativement faibles dans une bande le long des pentes les plus abruptes qui sont orientées nord-ouest vers sud-est à travers l’AVA.
Le substratum basaltique de l’AVA est recouvert dans la plupart des zones d’une épaisseur importante de sable et de gravier provenant directement ou indirectement d’inondations catastrophiques dues à des explosions glaciaires qui se sont produites à plusieurs reprises entre 10 000 et 20 000 ans.
TOPOGRAPHIE ET SOLS
Les caractéristiques distinctives de l’AVA de Beverly, Washington comprennent des collines avec des pentes douces à modérées à une altitude de 157 a 290 mètres (515 à 950 pieds). Les sols proviennent de dépôts d’inondation de la période glaciaire de sable et de gravier mélangés à du sable déposé par le vent et sont excessivement à légèrement excessivement bien drainés. Les quatre principales séries de sols dominant
Beverly, Washington AVA sont les séries Burbank, Winchester, Schwana et Quincy. Selon la pétition, les sols de l’AVA sont des sols grossiers, moins sensibles à l’érosion que les sols formés de limon et de sable fin ; par conséquent, les cultures de couverture ne sont pas actuellement utilisées dans l’AVA. De plus, les sols à texture grossière sans cultures de couverture se réchauffent plus rapidement que les sols à grains fins. Ces sols plus chauds favorisent l’apparition plus précoce des états phénologiques du raisin, tels que le débourrement et la véraison.
CLIMAT
Le climat de l’AVA de Beverly, dans l’État de Washington, est chaud et venteux, avec une température moyenne de saison de croissance plus élevée et des accumulations de GDD plus élevées que dans la plupart des régions environnantes. Les températures moyennes de la saison de croissance pour l’AVA varient de 65,8 degrés Fahrenheit à 71,8 degrés Fahrenheit, avec une température maximale moyenne allant de 18,8 oC (78,2 degrés Fahrenheit) à 29,95 oC (85,9 degrés Fahrenheit). Les accumulations de GDD au sein de l’AVA vont de 2 816 à 3 593. Les vitesses du vent au sein de l’AVA sont également élevées, avec des vitesses moyennes allant de11, 4 Km (7,1 milles) par heure à 12,5 km (7,8 milles) par heure. Les vitesses maximales du vent peuvent atteindre 45,4 km (28,2 milles) par heure. Les températures chaudes et les accumulations élevées de GDD au sein de l’AVA de Beverly Washington States, permettent aux propriétaires de vignobles de planter des cépages de climat plus chaud qui nécessitent plus de chaleur pour se régénérer. De plus, pour le raisin au climat plus frais. Les cépages plantés dans l’AVA mûriront plus vite et accumuleront plus de sucres que les mêmes cépages plantés dans des régions plus fraîches. Les vents violents au sein de l’AVA peuvent induire une légère pression sur les vignes et favoriser le développement des vignes.
CÉPAGES ET ENCÉPAGEMENT
L’AVA proposée comprend actuellement 218 hectares (538 acres) de vignobles, répartis entre le Beverly Vineyard de 206 hectares (508 acres), propriété de la Zirkle Fruit Company, et le TC Vineyard de 12,14 hectares (30 acres), propriété de Tom Merkle et Craig Young. Ensemble, ces vignobles occupent 22 pour cent de la superficie de l’AVA).
Les principaux cépages de l’appellation sont : chardonnay, riesling, sauvignon blanc, pino gris, muscat, cabernet franc, cabernet sauvignon, malbec, merlot, mourvèdre, syrah et petit verdot.
Nous sommes désolés, mais ce message est réservé aux personnes qui ont acheté cette page ou qui ont un abonnement.
Nous sommes désolés, mais ce message est réservé aux personnes qui ont acheté cette page ou qui ont un abonnement.
Nous sommes désolés, mais ce message est réservé aux personnes qui ont acheté cette page ou qui ont un abonnement.